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Maritime espionage definition9/3/2023 ![]() The Indonesian government does not specify which elements make up maritime security. Environmental protection, mariner safety, fisheries management, resource management (other than fisheries), counter-terrorism, law enforcement, naval operations, deterrence? All it mentions of defense and security alludes to the safety of navigation, and the unity/security of the state.Įlements of Indonesia’s approach to maritime security. 4 Rev./1960 on Indonesian Territorial Waters The term security is still married with defense, as was the custom back in the New Order era ( Pertahanan-Keamanan). 6/1996 on Indonesian Territorial Waters – Replacing Law No. 81/2005 on Badan Koordinasi Keamanan Laut – Created Bakorkamla (Badan Koordinasi Keamanan Laut), Indonesian Marine Security Coordination AgencyĦ) Law No. Contains provisions on the establishment of Kesatuan Penjaga Laut dan Pantai under the Ministry of Transportationĥ) Presidential Decree No. 17/2008 on Maritime Navigation – Provides requirements for navigational safety and security. 128/2019 on Maritime Diplomacy White Book – Contains provisions on the various maritime security issues faced by Indonesia.Ĥ) Law No. 32/2014 on the Sea – Contains provisions on the establishment of Bakamla (Badan Keamanan Laut), as Indonesia’s National Coast Guard.ģ.) Coordinating Ministry’s Decree No. 16/2017 on Indonesian Ocean Policy Ģ) Law No. Indonesia’s key documents for defining and understanding maritime securityġ) Presidential Decree No. The understanding that maritime security, maritime defense, and maritime safety must synergize to achieve the desired effect that is to foster a strong, effective maritime law enforcement agency, and strong maritime culture. While it did not define maritime security, the decree did provide for a common conceptual understanding. This would sometimes create diverging perspectives to tackle maritime security issues, as each ministry and agency preferred to use their own understanding and practical abilities in mitigating maritime security issues. Prior to the issuance of this presidential decree, each ministry or agency would come up with its own analysis of what constitutes maritime security. It outlines the five main pillars that are considered important to develop Indonesia’s maritime domain and marks maritime security as being one of those considerations. Presidential Decree No.16/2017 serves as the basis for Indonesia’s Ocean Policy. 16/2017 on Indonesian Ocean Policy (Peraturan Presiden No.16 Tahun 2017 tentang Kebijakan Kelautan Indonesia). This is published under Presidential Decree No. The Indonesian Government does not possess an official definition in English for the term “Maritime Security,” nor in Bahasa Indonesia for the term “Keamanan Maritim,” nor “Keamanan Laut.” In official documents, the government alludes to the state’s ability to mitigate threats that emanate from within and outside the country, as well as Indonesia’s ability to promote regional peace and stability. ![]() Indonesia’s definition of “maritime security” President Suharto similarly used “ Wawasan Nusantara” (Archipelago Outlook). ![]() Thus President Sukarno employed the concept of “ Wawasan Bahari” (Oceanic Outlook) as a part of his strategic discourse. The former comes from Arabic meaning “oceanic” whereas the latter is from Old Javanese meaning “islands-in-between”. Indonesian also uses the expressions “ bahari” and “ nusantara” to describe its maritime archipelagic geography. ![]() Presently, these two terms are the only ones used by the government to describe maritime security. Therefore, two terms translate directly as “maritime security,” “ocean security,” or “sea security,” and are used interchangeably in the Indonesian context. “Keamanan Maritim,” or “Keamanan Laut” are the words used in Indonesian to mean “maritime security.” When translated directly into English, “ keamanan” means “security,” “ maritim” means “maritime,” and “ laut” means sea or ocean. “ Maritime security ” in Indonesia’s national language Rajaratnam School of International Studies. This article is part of Conceptualization of “Maritime Security” in Southeast Asia, a series of analyses produced by experts convened by the S.
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